Scope

• Large hydro, run-of-river, pumped storage
• Tidal, wave, and marine energy

Working Principle

Hydro: Uses potential/kinetic energy of water. Marine: Tidal range, stream, and wave converters.

Environmental & Social Impacts

• Displacement, fish passages, ecosystem changes

Climate Resilience

Drought risk, sedimentation, and adaptation strategies.

Marine Tech Snapshot

• Tidal range, stream, wave converters

Regulatory / Environmental Clearance Pathways

Clearance from MoEFCC, state agencies, and EIA required.

Notable Projects & Micro-hydro case studies

• Tehri Dam, Uttarakhand: 1,000 MW
• Micro-hydro in NE India: 10–100 kW

FAQs

• Dam safety? Modern dams have strict safety protocols.
• Lifespan? 40–80 years for large dams.
• Decommissioning? Managed by state agencies.